Synthesis Of Alum From Aluminum Can Pieces - 1506 Words

Synthesis of Alum from Aluminum Can Pieces *Marita John, Crystal Chacko, and Natalie Luera CHEM 111-553 Introduction: There is a great demand in industries to recycle aluminum for a salt such as dyeing of textiles, manufacturing of pickles, baking powder, leather tanning, and as a flocculant in water purification, etc. The negative ionic charge of alum of potassium and its molecular structure makes this compound unable to be absorbed by the skin, therefore, it is sometimes used as antiperspirants by deodorant industries. The energy needed to produce new aluminum from the secondary aluminum product through recycling s is less energy than creating brand new products of aluminum. The main purpose is to synthesize alum, potassium aluminum†¦show more content†¦A filter paper was added to the Bà ¼chner funnel. The faucet, which acted as a vacuum source, was turned on. Before pouring the reaction mixture into the filter, the filter paper was wetted using distilled water. A pair of tongs were used to transfer the reaction into the filter from the beaker. After most of the reaction was in the filte r, the beaker was rinsed twice with 5mL of distilled water each time. The contents of the rinse in the beaker were emptied into the filter. After the filtration was complete and the dark residue of the aluminum can pieces was separated from the clear reaction mixture, the filtrate was transferred into another clean 250mL beaker. Then the filter flask was rinsed with 10mL of distilled water and added to the filtrate in the new reaction beaker. Then 20mL of 6.0M sulfuric acid was carefully added to the reaction beaker while being stirred with a stir rod. A stir bar was inserted into the reaction and the beaker was put on top of a hot plate to dissolve the solids that formed. After the solids were dissolved, the reaction was filtered with a vacuum filter as done previously. The reaction beaker was cooled in an ice bath created by adding ice chips and water to a larger beaker for the alum crystals to precipitate. The inside of the beaker was scratched with a stirring rod to facilitate t he formation of crystals. The vacuum filter was set upShow MoreRelatedMaterials And Methods Of Aluminum1302 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Aluminum is a Materials and Methods: On an analytical balance, 0.9279 grams of aluminum can pieces were weighed out to then be transferred into a 250 mL beaker. In addition to the aluminum can pieces, 50.0 mL of 1.4 M KOH were added to the 250 mL beaker. A fume hood was used to remove any generated gas out of the laboratory. The beaker was then placed on a hot plate with a magnetic stirrer inside in order for the reaction to be completed in a shorter amount of time. As the reactionRead MoreProject Report : Alum Synthesis926 Words   |  4 Pages Title: Alum synthesis Author Information: Alexis Luevano-Yatarola*, Francine Herreros, Chemistry 111/112, section 531 Introduction: In today’s society the amount of Aluminum consumed is not completely recognized most of society only tends to think of aluminum cans, however aluminum is in a wide range of everyday products such as car parts, jets, and in household products in which we use everyday. Due to the large amounts of aluminum used and consumed daily recycling the material is a very importantRead MoreThe Elemental Exploration Of A Salt And Salt Solution, And The Synthesis And Crystallization Of Aluminum1609 Words   |  7 PagesProject A: The elemental exploration of the behavior of iron in physiological conditions, the acquisition of solid copper from a salt and salt solution, and the synthesis and crystallization of aluminum. Introduction: Iron is an essential element in the human body. It can be found in the hemoglobin and transferrin of the bloodstream, and in myoglobin in muscle tissue. The main purpose of iron is to transfer oxygen within the body. To gain iron, humans must consume a diet that consist abundantlyRead MoreNatural Dyes11205 Words   |  45 PagesNatural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates,a or minerals. The majority of natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources – roots, berries, bark, leaves, and wood — and other organic sources such as fungi and lichens. Archaeologists have found evidence of textile dyeing dating back to the Neolithic period. In China, dyeing with plants, barks and insects has been traced back more than 5,000 years.[1] The essential process of dyeing changed little over time. TypicallyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval

Global Challenges in Governance and Political

Question: Discuss abouit the Global Challenges in Governance and Political. Answer: Introduction: Over the past few decades, the corporate governance has been facilitating the small and large organizations in maintaining the lawsuits in an efficient manner. The corporate governance is often associated with the public companies. However, the small business can also obtain the beneficial aspects due to the effective corporate governance. With the engagement of the effective corporate governance, public companies in the developed and developing countries have been improving the reputation in an effectual manner. In this context, the corporate governance of developed countries and developing countries have been analyzed in a detailed manner in context to the given lecture notes. In this reflective essay, I would like to analysis the given lecture notes in a descriptive manner. In a provided article, the corruption, governance and political instability in Nigeria have been discussed in an efficient manner. By analyzing the particular article, I can assess that the need for the implementation of corporate governance in Nigeria is very much needed. The Nigerian state is full of corruption, poor governance, and political instability (Fagbadebo 2007). Due to the poor corporate governance, the particular country has been experiencing a lack of economic stability. Besides this, the particular issue has created intricacies in strengthening the national economic development. Nigeria is an underdeveloped country, and it is being affected due to its authoritative leadership style. In the particular region, the political uncertainty is one of the major issues, which is responsible for decreasing the economic stability. Most of the organizations established in the Nigeria follow the authoritative leadership style. Consequently, it has been creating intricacies for the particular countries in implementing the efficient corporate governance in an effective manner. Due to the increased corruption in the country, most of the investors have disagreed in establishing their business in the country. By analyzing the particular article, it can be assessed that the involvement of the effective corporate governance would be able to reduce such issues in an appropriate way. Besides this, another provided article focuses on highlighting the impact of releasing the state control to the peoples hand. The particular article highlights the Big Society agenda. According to David Cameron, the main idea is to rebuild the responsibilities in an efficient manner so that the people could take those responsibilities (Cameron 2011). According to the article, people should be provided more control over their lives. However, that is not applied into the volunteering. According to my point of view, the particular planning is adequately relevant for the decentralization of power and the public services. However, it can be argued that the modernization of public service is more noteworthy characteristics of Big Society agenda than the work process executing for enhancing the social action (Cameron 2011). On the other hand, by analyzing the article, I can identify that the most important principle for reforming the public service is to focus on the diversity. Without impl ementing the diversity program into the public services, the organization would not be able to experience the proper growth in an efficient manner. By providing the state control to the people, the government would be able to enhance the production of the business in an effectual manner. According to the article, the mission is to dismantle the Big Government so that the Big Society can be built in its place. Besides this, another provided article by Grnlund (2005) focuses on the emerging electronic infrastructures. The particular article highlights the information and communication technology and its impacts on the governing sectors. The corporate governance needs to be implemented in an efficient manner in order to obtain the triumphs over legal issues. The concepts of electronic government and electronic democracy have a huge impact on the public sectors. Due to the particular process, the dealing with the services becomes easier. The particular article opens a discussion on the effectiveness of the emerging infrastructure in the governing sectors. In most of the developed and developing countries, the concept of e-government has become very popular due to its efficiency (Hughes 2012). Most of the business analysts have agreed with the fact that the focus of the E-Gov is to influence the process of making business across the large domestic market as well as in the international market. By analyzing the particular article, I can assess that the E-Gov is about to change in two distinct fields. Firstly, it is about to change the internal government operations. Secondly, it has been changing the process for improving the government steps towards a particular initiative. By analyzing the corporate governance of the developed countries, it can be assessed that the European countries focus on developing their E-Gov process. E-democracy is a part of the E-GOV, and it is strictly followed in most of the developed countries. With the involvement of the E-democracy system, the particular government tries to implement enhanced IT system into the process of improving the public participation in the democratic process (Alford and O'Flynn 2012). Hence, I can assess that the involvement of the IT systems into the democratic process would be the best possible solution for obtaining the triumphs over the legal and political issues. In most of the developed countries, the effective IT system has been implemented in the corporate governance process for creating transparency in an effectual manner. Without implementing effective and advanced technologies into the democratic process, the people would be able to choose the best solution in an effective manner. The provided lecture notes have also highlighted the role of government in the public managing program. By analyzing the particular article, I can assess that the government has a variety of roles and responsibility in order to maintain the corporate governance. In most of the public sectors, the corporate governance has made a huge impact on achieving the goals and objectives of the organization (Farazmand 1999). As per my point of views, the developed and developing countries have been focusing on reforming their legislatures in order to strengthen the corporate governance in an efficient manner. Without implementing the legal framework to put into effect the contracts, the private business activities would not be able to achieve the goals and objectives of the business (Leigh 2003). Hence, I can highlight the fact that the good government has always been responsible for upholding the economic development in an effectual manner. According to the lecture note, the democratization is needed for enhancing the national economic development. With the involvement of the popular participation of the governments in developing countries, the corporate governance can be enhanced in an effectual manner. The National planning is needed for the enhancement of the corporate social responsibility. Apart from national planning, the participation of the public sector organization is needed for obtaining the growth in the process. By analyzing the national development planning, some characteristics can be identified. For example, the policy objectives of the government need to be related to the economic development. Besides this, the developing countries employ the macroeconomic model for forecasting the anticipated performance. Most of the developing countries including India had developed the national development planning. For example, in March 1950, the government of India had settled planning commission for formulating th e plan for the balanced utilization of the countrys resources (Murphy 2010). However, there were several shortcomings of the National development planning. For instances, the data utilized for designing plans often identified as inaccurate. On the other hand, the shortcoming was involved in the analytical methods. By analyzing the provided lecture notes, I can identify the relationship between the development and governance. After analyzing the world history, I admit the fact that the Second World War indeed turned everything upside down. During that timeframe, the newly decolonized countries were getting on the path of development. For example, Russia had properly chosen the path of national development for which they become one of the strongest economic countries across the globe (Alutto and Belasco 1972). In most of the cases, the development of the nation depends on the initiatives taken by the government of the respective countries. The developed countries have always followed the legal framework in an efficient manner in order to achieve the national development within the targeted timeline. It has been seen that the impact of corporate governance not only focuses on the improving the reputation of the government organizations but also tries to enhance the national economic development. Throughout the particular study, I have utilized several articles as well as the lecture notes for understanding the corporate governance and its effectiveness in the national development. Hence, I come to a different point of views of the authors researched on the particular research topic. It clearly indicates that the developed countries including UK, USA, and European countries have been utilizing the enhanced strategies and improved technologies in order to improvise their corporate governance system. On the contrary, most of the developing countries including Asia countries have been focusing on the implementing effective legal framework for obtaining the efficient outcomes (Wollenberg et al. 2006). By analyzing the provided articles, it can be assessed that the role of government is noteworthy for enhancing the process in an effectual manner. Finally, I can conclude that both developed and developing countries obtain the effective corporate governance for decreasing the conflicts and frauds in the systems. References: Alford, J. and O'Flynn, J., 2012.Rethinking public service delivery: Managing with external providers. Palgrave Macmillan. Alutto, J.A. and Belasco, J.A., 1972. A typology for participation in organizational decision making.Administrative Science Quarterly, pp.117-125. Cameron, D., 2011. How we will release the grip of state control.Daily Telegraph,21(2), p.11. Fagbadebo, O., 2007. Corruption, governance and political instability in Nigeria.African Journal of Political Science and International Relations,1(2), p.28. Farazmand, A., 1999. Privatization or reform? Public enterprise management in transition.International Review of Administrative Sciences,65(4), pp.551-567. Grnlund, ., 2005. Emerging electronic infrastructures: exploring democratic components. Hughes, O.E., 2012.Public management and administration. Palgrave Macmillan. Leigh, A., 2003. The rise and fall of the Third Way.AQ: Journal of Contemporary Analysis, pp.10-40. Murphy, J., 2010. A toxic mix? Comparative efficiency and the privatization of sanitation services in India.Public Administration and Development,30(2), pp.124-135. Wollenberg, E., Moeliono, M., Limberg, G., Iwan, R., Rhee, S. and Sudana, M., 2006. Between state and society: local governance of forests in Malinau, Indonesia.Forest Policy and Economics,8(4), pp.421-433.

AIDS Em Sao Paulo(POR) Essay Example For Students

AIDS Em Sao Paulo(POR) Essay AIDS em Sao PauloO Brasil ocupa lugar de destaque entre os paises com maior numero de casos conhecidos de AIDS, contabilizando 170.073 casos (ate 30/08/99), com a epidemia sem evidencias de controle. A AIDS vem infectando principalmente pessoas cada vez mais jovens e pobres. As praticas sexuais sao as formas de transmissao mais importante. Por outro lado, as mulheres vem sendo infectadas mais e mais, com uma velocidade de aumento da epidemia superior ao que ocurre entre os homens, sendo que nos ultimos anos a relacao entre os casos notificados em homens e mulheres e de 3 a 1. Um reflexo da epidemia alcanca cada vez mais as mulheres, e a crescente repercussao na transmissao materno-infantil do HIV. No Estado de Sao Paulo, este situacao e particularmente mais grave, aqui ja foram notificados 85.590 casos de AIDS (ate 31/12/99), que e cerca de 50% dos casos notificados no Brasil. A Cidade de Sao Paulo, com uma populacao 30.000.000 habitantes, acumula 39.042 casos notificados (ate 31/12/99), representando praticamente 25% dos casos do Pais. Aqui, a AIDS, representa a segunda causa de morte entre homens adultos desde 1991 e a primeira causa de morte entre as mulheres da mesma faixa etaria desde 1993. Com 70% da populacao que ganha ate tres salarios minimos e quatro milhoes de menores abandonados, nao e dificil compreender a suitacao. O crescimiento pode ser justificado por varias razoes, tais como: mudancas do comportamento sexual; a relacao direta e indireta com as drogas; a epidemia de AIDS; a dificuldade dos portadores de DST no acesso aos servicos publicos de saude; entre outras. Esta dificuldade de acesso aos servicos publicos de saude e observada em muitos estudos. Sao Paulo, sendo a cidade mais grande do Latin America, da um terrivel prognostico de o que pode ocorrer no resto de continente. A economia de Sao Paulo, que #7869; responsavel por a mitade da economia do pais, se ha visto afectada por AIDS. E muito importante que medidas preventivas sao usadas para combatir a epidemia, ou o que Sao Paulo ha visto ate agora e nada comparado com o que o futuro nos trara.

Create an Effective Proposal With These Pointers

Create an Effective Proposal With These PointersWhen you want to impress someone or make yourself look more knowledgeable, it can be a challenge to come up with a truly persuasive essay. However, there are a few tips that you can use to generate some great content for your persuasive essay year.One of the most important things you can do in an essay year is to choose the topic you want to write about carefully. The only way you are going to get anyone to read a quality persuasive essay is by choosing a topic that they will be interested in. Also, you have to make sure you select a topic that will grab their attention and interest to start reading your essay.Next, it is important to come up with content that is catchy and captivating. If you are writing a persuasive essay, you should pick a subject that people can relate to. You want to find something that you can talk about that will create a connection between the reader and yourself. Then you have to make sure the content is intere sting and will be able to move the reader's emotions.Finally, when you are creating a persuasive essay, you have to ensure that you don't simply ramble on. Remember, you are writing a persuasive essay and you want to be concise and easy to read. Keep things simple but make sure the points you are making are well researched and backed up with facts.If you follow these three simple rules, you can use these tips to write an essay year that is sure to impress. You can also help your classmates and friends as well. The key is to be as concise and as effective as possible, while still being interesting and compelling.Of course, when you are trying to write a persuasive essay, it can be difficult to know where to begin. However, if you take the time to put together some great tips, you will be able to generate some excellent content for your essay.The first thing you should do is find some good resources. Do a search on the Internet for some essay samples. This will help you see the kinds of topics that will best suit your writing style.Second, visit a trusted online resource such as Online Essay Services or the College Board to see some sample essay ideas. You may find a handful of topics that will fit your needs and they will be written by experts so they will be easy to understand.

Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay Research Paper Example

Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay Paper Harry Potter – this name is familiar with all the age groups in the universe today and the ground behind it is good known to all of us. The Harry Potter book series written by a individual female parent J. K. Rowling. who wouldn’t have imagined in her wildest dreams that a narrative she thought of while going in a train. would derive so much popularity. So much so that her character and her name would go a family name across the Earth! J. K. Rowling Harry Potter books came into the market in 1998. The first portion called Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone gained a batch of popularity with the childs and easy with the grownups excessively. Due to its immense success it was converted into a gesture image as good and so the first film when on to let go of in the twelvemonth 2001. Subsequently the other parts ( books ) were out in the market and the films started let go ofing every bit good. Of class it was after the colossal success of the initial books that J. K. Rowling was encouraged to compose on the farther parts. So what is it in Harry Potter that attracts so much attending? Or what is it that makes people want to read a 600-700 pages long book once more and once more. This isn’t merely a individual book we are speaking about. but every book in the series is read all over once more by people repeatedly. These books tell us the narrative of an orphan. Harry who lives with his aunt Petunia and uncle Vernon. and non to bury his immense sized cousin Dudely with a nut sized encephalon. He leads a suffering life until the he turns 11. when he realizes that he is really a ace. We will write a custom essay sample on Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He is admitted to the Horgwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. So follows his journey of charming experiences. Very alone but waxy characters are introduced in the book in Rowling’s ain manner. The books detailing his experiences at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry have bred passion. compulsion. creativeness. and a new or renewed involvement in reading throughout the universe. JK Rowling has created an luxuriant dramatis personae of characters and an environment for them to populate that entreaties to grownups and kids likewise. The fantasy facet of the wizarding universe expands the imaginativeness. and transports the head to new and exciting topographic points ; presenting thaumaturgy opens new kingdoms of possibilities within the secret plans. Anything could go on. Her intricate narratives contain strands of the credible and incredible. changing the predictability that readers normally encounter and endure in fiction. Harry Potter Movie Poster These factors contributed to the â€Å"Harry Potter Phenomena† which really swept across the universe every bit shortly as the film series became immense hits! Young kids started placing with Harry’s shy but brave character. The terrifying Lord Voldemort and how he is after Harry’s life. after holding murdered his parents when Harry was a babe. The artlessness of school life along with the mixture of thaumaturgy. hit children’s heads like the Magic Bullet Theory. wherein. the information seen by audiences hits their heads like slugs and penetrates within. At the same clip. the subjects driving the narratives resonate with authoritative literature. offering mature readers narratives that wear like a comfy brace of places. while presenting younger readers to constructs they will meet throughout their lives. The chief subject of the series is the topic of many theories. including. but non limited to: good versus immorality. bias. love. decease. forfeit. friendly relationship and trueness. In actuality. all of these elements contribute to the dateless nature of the narratives. As and when the books started acquiring truly celebrated with a specific mark audience. the first large spring that was taken to spread out the full Harry Potter construct were the films. When the films were made they went on to snap with the younger every bit good as the older audiences. One portion after the other. the films became darker easy fring the initial happy and bright visual aspect. They now started looking more â€Å"real† and â€Å"practical† . There was a feel of â€Å"there is more to Harry Potter† than what you expect. The screens of all books started holding two versions. one which was bright and the other dark and cryptic so that the books would appeal to grownups as good. Slowly there was Harry Potter everyplace! There was Culture Industry get downing to take topographic point because of the full Harry Potter construct. By Culture Industry we mean that all of a sudden a peculiar thing which is highly popular is produced in forepart of us in many different ways. It is â€Å"claimed† by the several manufacturers that their merchandise is alone and adds more to a peculiar franchise. This construct focuses on media and selling. Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno specify the Culture Industry through its focal point on the media and mass selling. This industry is alone in that it does non reflect economic procedures and basically becomes homogeneous ; therefore. fluctuation is nonmeaningful. The Culture Industry is characterized by three specific thoughts: Monopoly. Mass Production. and Technology. So there is lesser control over production of certain merchandises and lesser control in the market. Hence when a certain merchandise is freshly launched in the market. people rush to buy it and research that peculiar merchandise. So what happens when the freshness of that merchandise wears off? Simple. another merchandise is launched in the market and promoted on its â€Å"unique† belongingss. But the existent gimmick here is that every merchandise is about similar to one another. but it is sold as being different from the old one. Hence people are urged to purchase them. This besides gives them another merchandise in topographic point of the old 1. This is termed as â€Å"Pseudo Singularity† justly intending false uniqueness. This is how the civilization industry besides called as Mass Industry works. When Culture Industry meets something like Harry Potter. what is created is a immense successful mass industry which becomes vastly moneymaking and popular. Besides when the topic is like Harry. who chiefly entreaties to people due to his emotional entreaty. his belief in friendly relationship. love and courage. These are the factors on which assorted merchandises apart from films like ware are publicized to people. There are Harry Potter subject based amusement Parkss. the costumes. competitions to prove your HP cognition. digital games and web sites like Pottermore where you really live Harry’s life. You are sorted into different houses merely like in the book and you face different escapades like Harry. There are things taken from the book which will entertain and divert people. Like the broom used to play the game Quidditch once more an fanciful construct of a game like football but you are really winging on broom handles. Harry Potter wands. cards. chapeaus. spectacless and the celebrated cicatrix which Harry have all became trade goods and we are expected to buy them. The chief aim here is to do people experience like Harry himself. Examples of assorted Harry Potter Merchandise So even if J. K. Rowling has completed her set of books. manufacturers still want to harvest the net incomes from this topic. Hence. even after she officially completed her books. due to enormous response and popular demand she wrote another book where people know what happens after Harry defeats Lord Voldemort and finishes his surveies from Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. So much is the popularity of Harry Potter. Not merely Harry. but other chief characters like Hermoine and Ron ( Harry’s best friends ) . Professor Dumbledore. Hagrid. Sirius Black etc have gained a connect with the audiences. There is a feeling generated that â€Å"my best friend to necessitate to be like Ron† or â€Å"I wish I could analyze magic† . This feeling of longingness is usurped but the manufacturers to lend more to the civilization industry! These feelings are so used by the people to bring forth more and more net incomes. therefore trips to the palace where Harry Potter was shot are arranged. Though a peculiar location is non used continuously in the films. they keep altering. but so much is the fad that people travel all the manner to Scotland merely to see where their Hero spent this school yearss. All in all a different civilization itself is created and we don’t recognize it. Such is the nature civilization industry and it prevails n today’s universe to a much greater extent. The chief feeling of Love ever triumphs over the evil makes Harry Potter what it is. I would wish to stop my seting in a celebrated commendation in the book- It is our picks that show what we genuinely are. far more than our abilities. J. K. Rowling. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. 1999. spoken by the character Albus Dumbledore This is one of the most celebrated quotation marks from the series and justly. it is our picks that make us who we are. Peoples chose to love Harry Potter even though the full construct being fanciful because it has appealed to their Black Marias. It is this emotional factor which makes us give in to the ‘market and producers’ but in the terminal. they are our picks. aren’t they?

Universal Basic Income - Definition and History

Universal Basic Income - Definition and History Universal basic income is a controversial proposal under which the government provides regular, permanent cash payments to each citizen with the intent of lifting everyone out of poverty, encouraging their participation in the economy and covering the costs of their most fundamental needs including food, housing and clothing. Everyone, in other words, gets a paycheck - whether they work or not. The idea of setting a universal basic income has been around for centuries but remains largely experimental. Canada, Germany, Switzerland and Finland have launched trials of universal basic income variations. It gained some momentum among some economists, sociologists and tech industry leaders with the advent of technology that allowed factories and businesses to automate the manufacturing of goods and to reduce the size of their human workforces. How the Universal Basic Income Works There are many variations of the universal basic income. The most basic of these proposals would merely replace Social Security, unemployment compensation and public-assistance programs with a basic income for every citizen. The U.S. Basic Income Guarantee Network supports such a plan, stating that the system of trying to force Americans into the workforce as a way of eliminating poverty has not proven successful. Some estimates show that approximately 10 percent of people who work full time all year around live in poverty. Hard work and a booming economy have not comes close to eliminating poverty. A universal program like the basic income guarantee could eliminate poverty, the group states. Its plan would provide a  level of income necessary to meet their most basic needs to every American, regardless of whether they worked, in a system is describes as an efficient, effective, and equitable solution to poverty that promotes individual freedom and leaves the beneficial aspects of a market economy in place. A more complicated version of the universal basic income would provide about the same monthly payment to every American adult, but it would also require that about a quarter of the money be spent on health care insurance. It would also impose graduated taxes on the universal basic income for any other earnings over $30,000. The program would be paid for by eliminating public-assistance programs and entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare.   Cost of Providing a Universal Basic Income One universal basic income proposal would provide $1,000 a month to all 234 million adults in the United States. A household with two adults and two children, for example, would receive $24,000 a year, barely hitting the poverty line. Such a program would cost the federal government $2.7 trillion a year, according to economist Andy Stern, who writes about the universal basic income in a 2016 book, Raising the Floor. Stern has said the program could be funded by eliminating about $1 trillion in antipoverty programs and reducing spending on defense, among other methods. Why Universal Basic Income Is a Good Idea Charles Murray, a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and the author of In Our Hands: A Plan to Replace the Welfare State,† has written that a universal basic income is the best way to maintain a civil society amid what he described as a coming labor market unlike any in human history. It will need to be possible, within a few decades, for a life well lived in the U.S. not to involve a job as traditionally defined. ... The good news is that a well-designed UBI can do much more than help us to cope with disaster. It also could provide an invaluable benefit: injecting new resources and new energy into an American civic culture that has historically been one of our greatest assets but that has deteriorated alarmingly in recent decades. Why Universal Basic Income Is a Bad Idea Critics of a universal basic income say that it creates a disincentive for people to work and it rewards non-productive activities. States the Mises Institution, named for the Austrian economic Ludwig von Mises: The struggling entrepreneurs and artists ... are struggling for a reason. For whatever reason, the market has deemed the goods they are providing to be insufficiently valuable. Their work simply isn’t productive according to those who would potentially consume the goods or services in question. In a functioning  marketplace, producers of goods the consumers dont want  would quickly have to abandon such endeavors and focus their efforts into productive areas of the economy. The universal basic income, however, allows them to continue their less-valued  endeavors  with the money of those who have actually produced value, which gets to the ultimate problem of all government welfare programs. Critics also describe the universal basic income as a wealth-distribution scheme that punishes those who work harder and earn more by directing more of their earnings to the program. Those who earn the least benefit the most, creating the disincentive to work, they believe. History of Universal Basic Income The humanist philosopher Thomas More, writing in his seminal 1516 work  Utopia, argued for a universal basic income. The Nobel Prize winning activist  Bertrand Russell  proposed in 1918 that a universal basic income, sufficient for necessities, should be secured for all, whether they work or not, and that a larger income should be given to those who are willing to engage in some work which the community recognizes as useful. On this basis we may build further. Bertrands view was that providing the basic needs of every citizen would free them up to work on more important societal goals and live more harmoniously with their fellow man. After World War II, economist Milton Friedman  floated the idea of a guaranteed income. Friedman wrote: We should replace the ragbag of specific welfare programs with a single comprehensive program of income supplements in cash - a negative income tax. It would provide an assured minimum to all persons in need, regardless of the reasons for their need†¦A negative income tax provides comprehensive reform which would do more efficiently and humanely what our present welfare system does so inefficiently and inhumanely. In the modern era, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has forward the idea, telling Harvard University graduates that we should explore ideas like universal basic income to make sure that everyone has a cushion to try new ideas.

Communication between killer whales while hunting Research Proposal

Communication between killer whales while hunting - Research Proposal Example Consequently, to achieve the element of coordination among the members of each species, exchange of information among these species and the environment is key. Thus, communication is the glue holding the animal societies together (Panova, Belikov, Agafonov & Belkovich, 2012).To understand this given subject of communication, evaluating the various modes of signal employed among the animals is key. The existent and established signals for communication include the visual, audible, tactile or olfactory and the medium of transmission is contributory to the adaptability of the signal applied by either species. The transient killer whale as a sea animal communicates through water. Sound in water travels at speed of about 0.9miles/sec (Saulitis, Matkin & Fay, 2005). The killer whales thus rely on the sound production for hunting, communicating and navigating. The species communicates extensively and this study seeks to establish the understanding of the various modes in which the killer wh ale communicates while hunting. It is notable that from previous survey reports from the people living along the arctic, they hear a wide range of sounds from the whales. A recent group survey found that the whales produced over 24 different sound patterns, and another species of the same whales produced about 23 different sound patterns (Cranford & Krysl, 2015). This variation of sounds produced is evidence of the need to evaluate the various sound modes that the killer whales use to communicate while hunting or when having prey. The slightest variation in the sound made makes the difference among the whales for a hard earned meal and having an empty stomach. The marine prey for the whales has also adapted accordingly to the given sounds that the whales make to alert themselves of the looming danger of the killer whales. Objective 1: the first approach to the research proposal aims to establish the usage of the